Nuclear Chemistry which deals with the study of the transmutations and transformations of atomic nuclei in the same way that serves to study the molecular chemistry of the molecules.
nuclear transformations can be produced spontaneously by emission of radiation ao / 3, verified a shift of two places left in the periodic system in the first case (emission), and one right at the second (emission), according to the law of Frederick Soddy shift . The capture by the nucleus of an electron from the electron shells K, L, M. .., results in the conversion of a proton into a neutron, which means also a leftward shift in the periodic system. The most common is the K capture, reverse of K creation or addition of a particle / 3 to the immediate K to the core. In a broad sense, nuclear chemistry accounts for the study of changes radioactive spontaneous, natural radio-elements, transuranic elements, and effects and isotopic separation. It also includes the study of a series of remarkable applications geochemical, geological and astrophysical, chemical actions of ionizing radiation, biological effects of radiation, and color phenomena induced fluorescence, radioactive tracers, isotopic changes, as well as analytical, electrochemical, biochemical and physiological, technical and industrial. Of great interest is an aspect of nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that produce new elements. Thus, collision an alpha particle (a) with a nitrogen nucleus, there is the possibility of two processes as freeing a proton: (1) ZN + Zhe - ~ 13C + ZH + iH
(2) ZN + Z I 180 + 111 - 1
In (1) the decay occurs without particle is linked definitely soul, in (2) is made the capture of the alpha particle and a proton is loose. In these equations, higher rates represent the nuclear masses, and lower nuclear charges of different particles, plus the sum of higher rates and lower rates of each member of these equations must be equal. The disintegration of aluminum
also verified with production of protons: Zhe I7A1 + _> 30Si + lHEl neutron bombarded with particles to produce beryllium, 49Be + Zhe -> I2C + In these transmutations, caused by particles to produce stable nuclei, but most unstable isotopes are elements to be bombarded by neutrons that have been delayed, by passing through water or paraffin. Nuclear chemistry is closely related to nuclear physics, but with methods and issues.
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